{"id":9861,"date":"2026-03-12T01:54:02","date_gmt":"2026-03-12T01:54:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/global-business-recruiting.de\/wissen\/haftungsgefahren-beim-einsatz-von-subunternehmen-aus-osteuropa\/"},"modified":"2026-03-29T13:04:47","modified_gmt":"2026-03-29T13:04:47","slug":"pozicie-pre-zvaranie","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/global-business-recruiting.de\/sk\/wissen\/schweisspositionen\/","title":{"rendered":"Poz\u00edcie zv\u00e1rania"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"l-section wpb_row height_custom\"><div class=\"l-section-h i-cf\"><div class=\"g-cols vc_row via_grid cols_1 laptops-cols_inherit tablets-cols_inherit mobiles-cols_1 valign_top type_default stacking_default\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_text_column\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p>Pri zv\u00e1ran\u00ed je v\u017edy d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 poloha. T\u00e1 sa vz\u0165ahuje na polohu, v ktorej sa zv\u00e1ranie uskuto\u010d\u0148uje alebo kde sa nach\u00e1dza zvarov\u00fd spoj po\u010das procesu zv\u00e1rania. Na to existuje cel\u00fd rad r\u00f4znych mo\u017enost\u00ed. Poloha zv\u00e1rac\u00edch spojov predstavuje svoje vlastn\u00e9 jedine\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy, od vertik\u00e1lnej po horizont\u00e1lnu a v\u0161etko medzi nimi.<\/p>\n<h2>Poloha zvarov\u00e9ho spoja<\/h2>\n<p>Povrch pre<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/global-business-recruiting.de\/sk\/profesie\/schweisser\/\">Zv\u00e1ranie<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>a os \u0161vu, nad ktorou sa zv\u00e1ra, ur\u010duj\u00fa, ako sa m\u00f4\u017ee pr\u00e1ca vykon\u00e1va\u0165. Na krajn\u00fdch bodoch stupnice s\u00fa dve polohy zv\u00e1rania: ide\u00e1lna poloha a jej presn\u00fd opak.<\/p>\n<p>Ide\u00e1lna poloha na zv\u00e1ranie je tzv. \u017e\u013eabov\u00e1 poloha. Zvarov\u00fd \u0161ev le\u017e\u00ed vodorovne a obrobky s n\u00edm tvoria hranu, v ktorej sa nach\u00e1dza zvarov\u00e1 va\u0148a. Existuj\u00fa r\u00f4zne verzie polohy n\u00e1dr\u017ee.<\/p>\n<p>Jednoducho povedan\u00e9, \u017e\u013eabov\u00fa vrstvu mo\u017eno umiestni\u0165 medzi dva obrobky, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa spojen\u00e9 tup\u00fdm \u0161vom. Obe proti\u013eahl\u00e9 hrany s\u00fa skosen\u00e9 tak, aby tvorili p\u00edsmeno V. Toto je absol\u00fatne ide\u00e1lny pr\u00edpad, najjednoduch\u0161\u00ed zo v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u017e\u013eabov\u00fdch vrstiev.<\/p>\n<p>Poloha \u017e\u013eabu sa m\u00f4\u017ee vytvori\u0165 aj vtedy, ke\u010f sa k\u00fatov\u00fd zvar umiestni medzi dva obrobky. V tomto pr\u00edpade oba zvarky zvieraj\u00fa navz\u00e1jom uhol 90\u00b0. Ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich je v\u0161ak naklonen\u00fd o 45\u00b0, tak\u017ee nastavovan\u00fd \u0161ev je op\u00e4\u0165 presne v \u017e\u013eabe. Tak\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom mo\u017eno k in\u00e9mu obrobku pripevni\u0165 aj r\u00faru.<\/p>\n<p>Poloha v koryte je najjednoduch\u0161ou polohou pri zv\u00e1ran\u00ed. Opakom tejto polohy je poloha nad hlavou. Aj v tomto pr\u00edpade je spoj zvarov\u00e9ho spoja vodorovn\u00fd. Je v\u0161ak prevr\u00e1ten\u00fd a nad hlavou, tak\u017ee \u0161ev smeruje priamo nadol.<\/p>\n<p>V\u0161etky ostatn\u00e9 polohy zv\u00e1rania mo\u017eno zaradi\u0165 medzi polohu v koryte a polohu nad hlavou. Nejde o geometriu obrobkov. Ide jednoducho o polohu, v ktorej sa zv\u00e1ranie uskuto\u010d\u0148uje. Potom je tu smer zv\u00e1rania. Ten rozli\u0161uje medzi zv\u00e1ran\u00edm smerom nahor a nadol.<\/p>\n<h2>K\u00f3dy pre poz\u00edcie zv\u00e1rania<\/h2>\n<p>Samotn\u00e9 poz\u00edcie zv\u00e1rania s\u00fa \u0161tandardizovan\u00e9. S\u00fa odvoden\u00e9 z normy DIN EN ISO 6947, ktor\u00e1 \u0161tandardizuje sedem pol\u00f4h zn\u00e1mych ako hlavn\u00e9 zv\u00e1racie polohy. Pre v\u0161etky polohy existuje k\u00f3d a platia pre v\u0161etky zv\u00e1racie procesy bez oh\u013eadu na to, \u010di ide o MAG, TIG alebo in\u00e9 procesy.<\/p>\n<p>Hoci norma DIN EN ISO 6947 m\u00e1 medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fa platnos\u0165, ozna\u010denia v USA sa od tejto normy l\u00ed\u0161ia. Tam G ozna\u010duje tup\u00fd zvar a F k\u00fatov\u00fd zvar. Polohy pod\u013ea normy DIN EN ISO 6947 a americk\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu vyzeraj\u00fa takto:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nemeck\u00fd PA alebo americk\u00fd 1G:<\/strong><span>\u00a0<\/span>Toto je op\u00edsan\u00e1 poloha koryta. Povrch zvarov\u00e9ho spoja zviera so zvislicou uhol 0\u00b0.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nemeck\u00fd PB alebo americk\u00fd 2F alebo 2FR pre rotuj\u00face potrubie:<\/strong><span>\u00a0<\/span>Zvarov\u00fd \u0161ev sa nach\u00e1dza medzi polohou 1 a 2 hodiny a povrch zvarov\u00e9ho spoja zviera so zvislicou uhol 45\u00b0.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nemeck\u00e9 PC alebo americk\u00e9 2G:<\/strong><span>\u00a0<\/span>Ide o takzvan\u00fa prie\u010dnu polohu. Povrch zvarov\u00e9ho spoja zviera so zvislicou uhol 90\u00b0.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nemeck\u00e1 PD alebo americk\u00e1 4F:<\/strong><span>\u00a0<\/span>Takzvan\u00e1 horizont\u00e1lna poloha nad hlavou, pri ktorej je povrch zvarov\u00e9ho spoja pod uhlom 135\u00b0 k zvislici.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nemeck\u00fd PE alebo americk\u00fd 4G:<\/strong><span>\u00a0<\/span>Poloha nad hlavou, v ktorej je povrch zvarov\u00e9ho spoja pod uhlom 180\u00b0 k zvislici.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nemeck\u00fd PF a americk\u00fd 3G sa zvy\u0161uj\u00fa:<\/strong><span>\u00a0<\/span>Os zvarov\u00e9ho spoja je vertik\u00e1lna. Zv\u00e1ranie sa vykon\u00e1va smerom nahor.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nemeck\u00e9 PG a americk\u00e9 3G klesaj\u00fa:<\/strong><span>\u00a0<\/span>Aj v tomto pr\u00edpade je os zvarov\u00e9ho spoja vertik\u00e1lna. Zv\u00e1ra sa v\u0161ak smerom nadol.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>K dispoz\u00edcii s\u00fa \u010fal\u0161ie samostatn\u00e9 zv\u00e1racie poz\u00edcie pre r\u00fary<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nemeck\u00fd PH alebo americk\u00fd 5G st\u00fapa:<\/strong><span>\u00a0<\/span>V tomto pr\u00edpade je r\u00fara upevnen\u00e1 a zv\u00e1ran\u00e1 vo vzostupnej polohe.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nemeck\u00fd PJ alebo americk\u00fd 5G pad\u00e1:<\/strong><span>\u00a0<\/span>R\u00farka je pevn\u00e1 a je zv\u00e1ran\u00e1 v klesaj\u00facej polohe.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nemeck\u00e1 PK bez americk\u00e9ho ekvivalentu:<\/strong><span>\u00a0<\/span>Orbit\u00e1lne zv\u00e1ranie potrubia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u0161etky polohy a smery zv\u00e1rania s\u00fa \u0161tandardizovan\u00e9, od \u017e\u013eabovej polohy, ktor\u00e1 je najjednoduch\u0161ia, a\u017e po polohu nad hlavou, ktor\u00e1 je najn\u00e1ro\u010dnej\u0161ia. Hoci norma plat\u00ed na medzin\u00e1rodnej \u00farovni, Ameri\u010dania id\u00fa svojou vlastnou cestou, ale v podstate dodr\u017eiavaj\u00fa rovnak\u00fd pr\u00edstup.<\/p>\n<h2>Pre\u010do s\u00fa zv\u00e1ra\u010dsk\u00e9 poz\u00edcie d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pre n\u00e1bor<\/h2>\n<p>Poz\u00edcie zv\u00e1rania maj\u00fa priamy praktick\u00fd v\u00fdznam pre spolo\u010dnosti, ktor\u00e9 h\u013eadaj\u00fa alebo vysielaj\u00fa zv\u00e1ra\u010dov: Sk\u00fa\u0161ka zv\u00e1ra\u010da pod\u013ea normy DIN EN ISO 9606 je v\u017edy platn\u00e1 len pre ur\u010dit\u00e9 poz\u00edcie, procesy a typy \u0161vov. Zv\u00e1ra\u010d s testom PA nie je automaticky kvalifikovan\u00fd pre zv\u00e1ranie PG alebo PE.<\/p>\n<p>Pri nasadzovan\u00ed zv\u00e1ra\u010dov z v\u00fdchodnej Eur\u00f3py alebo in\u00fdch kraj\u00edn je preto v\u017edy potrebn\u00e9 overi\u0165, na ktor\u00e9 poz\u00edcie sa dostupn\u00e9 certifik\u00e1ty vz\u0165ahuj\u00fa a \u010di s\u00fa tieto certifik\u00e1ty v Nemecku uzn\u00e1van\u00e9. Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Global Business Recruiting pre v\u00e1s tieto kvalifik\u00e1cie pred umiestnen\u00edm prever\u00ed. Viac inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o certifik\u00e1cii:<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/global-business-recruiting.de\/sk\/profesie\/schweisser\/\">Zv\u00e1ra\u010d ako povolanie a po\u017eiadavky<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>\u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky o zv\u00e1ra\u010dsk\u00fdch poz\u00edci\u00e1ch<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"w-separator size_small\"><\/div><div class=\"w-tabs style_default switch_click accordion type_togglable has_scrolling\" style=\"--sections-title-size:inherit\"><div class=\"w-tabs-sections titles-align_none icon_chevron cpos_right\"><div class=\"w-tabs-section\" id=\"de99\" itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\"><button class=\"w-tabs-section-header\" aria-controls=\"content-de99\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"w-tabs-section-title\" itemprop=\"name\">Ktor\u00e1 poz\u00edcia zv\u00e1rania je najlep\u0161ia pre za\u010diato\u010dn\u00edkov?<\/div><div class=\"w-tabs-section-control\"><\/div><\/button><div  class=\"w-tabs-section-content\" id=\"content-de99\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\"><div class=\"w-tabs-section-content-h i-cf\" itemprop=\"text\"><div class=\"wpb_text_column\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p>Poloha n\u00e1dr\u017ee (PA alebo 1G) je najjednoduch\u0161ia a najvhodnej\u0161ia poloha pre zv\u00e1ranie za\u010diato\u010dn\u00edkov. Zv\u00e1racia va\u0148a je v spoji stabiln\u00e1, gravit\u00e1cia pracuje so zv\u00e1ra\u010dom a nie proti nemu. Z tohto d\u00f4vodu sa v\u0161etky tr\u00e9ningy zv\u00e1rania za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa polohou v n\u00e1dr\u017ei a a\u017e potom sa u\u010dia zlo\u017eitej\u0161ie polohy, ako je prie\u010dna poloha (PC) alebo poloha nad hlavou (PE).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"w-tabs-section\" id=\"jf58\" itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\"><button class=\"w-tabs-section-header\" aria-controls=\"content-jf58\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"w-tabs-section-title\" itemprop=\"name\">Ak\u00e1 je naj\u0165a\u017e\u0161ia poz\u00edcia pri zv\u00e1ran\u00ed?<\/div><div class=\"w-tabs-section-control\"><\/div><\/button><div  class=\"w-tabs-section-content\" id=\"content-jf58\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\"><div class=\"w-tabs-section-content-h i-cf\" itemprop=\"text\"><div class=\"wpb_text_column\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p>Poloha nad hlavou (PE alebo 4G) sa v\u0161eobecne pova\u017euje za najn\u00e1ro\u010dnej\u0161iu polohu zv\u00e1rania. Hroz\u00ed, \u017ee zvarov\u00fd k\u00fape\u013e bude pada\u0165 nadol, \u010do si vy\u017eaduje ve\u013emi dobr\u00fa kontrolu pr\u00fadu, r\u00fdchlosti a vedenia elektr\u00f3dy. Padaj\u00faca poloha (PG alebo 3G padaj\u00faca) je tie\u017e ve\u013emi n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1, preto\u017ee zvarov\u00e1 kalu\u017e m\u00e1 tendenciu preru\u0161ova\u0165 \u0161ev.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"w-tabs-section\" id=\"x045\" itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\"><button class=\"w-tabs-section-header\" aria-controls=\"content-x045\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"w-tabs-section-title\" itemprop=\"name\">Plat\u00ed kvalifik\u00e1cia zv\u00e1ra\u010da pre v\u0161etky poz\u00edcie?<\/div><div class=\"w-tabs-section-control\"><\/div><\/button><div  class=\"w-tabs-section-content\" id=\"content-x045\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\"><div class=\"w-tabs-section-content-h i-cf\" itemprop=\"text\"><div class=\"wpb_text_column\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p>Sk\u00fa\u0161ka zv\u00e1ra\u010da pod\u013ea normy DIN EN ISO 9606 je v\u017edy platn\u00e1 len pre definovan\u00e9 skupiny sk\u00fa\u0161ok, ktor\u00e9 sa vz\u0165ahuj\u00fa na ur\u010dit\u00e9 polohy, typy \u0161vov (tup\u00fd alebo k\u00fatov\u00fd zvar), procesy a materi\u00e1ly. Sk\u00fa\u0161ka podan\u00e1 v PA sa automaticky nevz\u0165ahuje na PF alebo PE. Spolo\u010dnosti by preto mali v\u017edy pozna\u0165 \u0161pecifick\u00e9 certifik\u00e1ty polohy svojich zv\u00e1ra\u010dov.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"w-tabs-section\" id=\"k0fe\" itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\"><button class=\"w-tabs-section-header\" aria-controls=\"content-k0fe\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"w-tabs-section-title\" itemprop=\"name\">Was bedeutet \u201esteigend`` und \u201efallend`` beim Schwei\u00dfen?<\/div><div class=\"w-tabs-section-control\"><\/div><\/button><div  class=\"w-tabs-section-content\" id=\"content-k0fe\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\"><div class=\"w-tabs-section-content-h i-cf\" itemprop=\"text\"><div class=\"wpb_text_column\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p>St\u00fapaj\u00faci znamen\u00e1, \u017ee smer zv\u00e1rania je zdola nahor (PF \/ 3G st\u00fapaj\u00faci). Klesaj\u00faci znamen\u00e1 smerom zhora nadol (PG \/ 3G klesaj\u00faci). Smer m\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vplyv na to, ako te\u010die zvarov\u00e1 voda a ako dopadne kvalita spoja. Klesaj\u00faci je r\u00fdchlej\u0161\u00ed, ale \u0165a\u017e\u0161ie sa kontroluje a vy\u017eaduje si \u0161peci\u00e1lne elektr\u00f3dy alebo nastavenia.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"w-tabs-section\" id=\"b1b6\" itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\"><button class=\"w-tabs-section-header\" aria-controls=\"content-b1b6\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"w-tabs-section-title\" itemprop=\"name\">\u010co je orbit\u00e1lne zv\u00e1ranie (PK)?<\/div><div class=\"w-tabs-section-control\"><\/div><\/button><div  class=\"w-tabs-section-content\" id=\"content-b1b6\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\"><div class=\"w-tabs-section-content-h i-cf\" itemprop=\"text\"><div class=\"wpb_text_column\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p>Pri orbit\u00e1lnom zv\u00e1ran\u00ed (PK) sa zv\u00e1racia hlava automaticky ot\u00e1\u010da okolo pevnej r\u00farky. Ide o plne automatizovan\u00fd proces, ktor\u00fd sa pou\u017e\u00edva najm\u00e4 pri pokl\u00e1dke potrubia, vo farmaceutickom a polovodi\u010dovom priemysle. Nem\u00e1 priamy americk\u00fd ekvivalent v \u0161tandardnom ozna\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Beim Schwei\u00dfen kommt es auch immer wieder auf die Lage an. Damit ist die Position gemeint, in der geschwei\u00dft wird bzw. wo die Schwei\u00dffuge sich w\u00e4hrend des Schwei\u00dfvorganges befindet. Daf\u00fcr gibt es eine ganze Reihe von verschiedenen M\u00f6glichkeiten. Von vertikal bis horizontal bis zu allem, was dazwischen liegt, sind mit der Lage der Schwei\u00dffugen ganz...","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11149,"parent":9347,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9861","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/global-business-recruiting.de\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9861","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/global-business-recruiting.de\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/global-business-recruiting.de\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/global-business-recruiting.de\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/global-business-recruiting.de\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9861"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/global-business-recruiting.de\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9861\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11193,"href":"https:\/\/global-business-recruiting.de\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9861\/revisions\/11193"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/global-business-recruiting.de\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9347"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/global-business-recruiting.de\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11149"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/global-business-recruiting.de\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9861"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}